From the bean of Green Bean.
I can't say what works for everyone but I can say what worked for us. Here's how we did it.
THE RESEARCH:
Start monitoring your space. Where is the sun and when. Any pockets of shade. Particularly warm spots. Get to know the mini microsystems of your yard.
I'm a fan of front yard farming but frankly, if my front yard didn't get full sun, I wouldn't have as much planted out there as I do. Amongst, the ornamentals, I'd stick in some blueberry bushes, some strawberry plants and whatever else can tolerate shade or part sun. Fortunately, we're full sun in the front yard so its full farm.
If your front yard ends up being a hospital place for edibles, the next step is to find out (a) what kind of garden you want and (b) what you want to plant in it.
I finally decided I wanted a garden where flowers and edibles intermingled rather than in rows or raised beds. I invested in a two hour consultation with a local landscaper who specializes in edibles. We talked about my front yard, the fact that I have occasional hooved guests meander through, that I needed to protect my plants against the deer but that I also wanted something attractive that wouldn't stand out as an obvious vegetable garden in the middle of a dense suburban neighborhood.
THE DESIGN:
The consultant suggested a low fence with deer resistant plants tucked in along the edges so that my visitors would hopefully stick their heads over the fence and be deterred by the Shasta daisies, yarrow and sage growing there. I've always wanted an arbor so we decided to break up the fence (opted for white picket because it's just so, well, you know, white picket) and stick a gate and arbor in the middle. I have a flagstone path along the side of my house and we decided to have it meander through the front yard, forking mid-garden to lead under the arbor with one path and to the front door with the other.
The path helped to break up the yard into manageable planting beds. By curving the planting beds and the path, the yard appeared a bit more traditional and a little less, well, "farm-ish". The arbor provided a vertical growing surface.
We also have a patch of dirt between that side of the yard and the driveway as well as a thick sidewalk strip of land in between the sidewalk and the street. We put in matching flagstone paths in both of those areas to tie them together with the "main farm" directly in front of the house and under the arbor.
THE PREPARATION:
Over the last two years,
we've slowly de-lawned the front yard. First extending the flower beds and then ripping out patches (e.g., the sidewalk strip and the driveway patch). Our soil here is clay and leaves much to be desired.
In each place we've taken away lawn, we've replaced it with
a sheet mulch - alternating layers of carbon and nitrogen. That's a fancy way of saying, poke some holes in the ground, put down some black and white newspaper, then manure, then leaves or straw, then manure or compost, then finish it off with some wood chips or something similar to make it look nice and cut down on the smell. For a great how to on lasagna or sheet mulching, check out
One Straw Revolution or get
Gaia's Garden from the library.
In my opinion, the sheet mulch is so worth it. Our soil has gone from yucky clay to a delightful loam full of microorganisms and fertility.
THE PLANTS:
Even though my edible garden takes up most of my front yard, my front yard is pretty small. All of my edibles are squeezed in close together so I've had to pay close attention to putting plants together than like each other and keep edible enemies away.
Carrots Love Tomatoes is a great guide to companion planting.
Check out A Sonoma Garden for a handy chart of veggie friend and enemies. I just sketched out my yard, decided what had to go in what side and worked from there.
Having an arbor opened up a lot of space for me. I put in a grape on one side which is a perennial and will be there year after year. On the other side, I could have done squash, beans, or gourds. I opted for an Armenian cucumber but will likely put some peas there in the fall.
A cucumber growing on the arbor. On the other side is a grape vine.
View of the arbor and two of the front beds. Borage overgrew and
closed the path. On the left are potato runner beans and on the
right are Early Girl tomatoes, cayenne peppers and collard greens.
They are interplanted with penstemon, cosmos, borage, and
zinnias as well as various herbs.
I didn't want a lot of fruit trees in my small but sunny garden but I did stick an espaliered 5 in 1 pear tree along the wall of the house where it won't bother any one. In addition, I put a pomegranate in the corner near the fence. Pomegranates and pineapple guavas are not much loved by deer and I felt that, in addition to providing lovely fruit some fall, it will help keep the deer out of the garden.
I heavily interplanted flowers with my edibles. First and foremost, it looks pretty. Second, I have zero pollination problems in my garden. It buzzes and undulates with bees and butterflies which pop around from squash blossom to zinnia with ease. (
I also have a pollinator garden on the sidewalk strip which helps.) Third, interplanting keeps pests at bay. Many bugs are repelled by marigolds and various flowering plants.
Deer dislike herbs such as borage and lavender. The sunflowers in the pollinator garden keep the squirrels busy. And, as I said before, the variety of plants makes it less likely that I'll have a swarm of any one pest as beneficial insects are likely also hanging out somewhere in the garden. Monoculture = bad. My busy, crazy garden = polyculture = good! :)
The zinnias were an Easter gift for my boys from my sister.
If you look closely, you can see the watermelon and sage
tucked behind them. The only other edibles in this bed
are chammoile and rosemary and a grape vine.
I also spent a fair amount of time figuring out what grows best in my neck of the woods. Some of it was based on past experience. I've been gardening for several years but mostly flowers up until two years ago. I live on the cool San Francisco Bay Area peninsula. That means it rarely gets really really hot. "Early" varieties are nice because I don't have a 120 day growing season of hot weather. I opted for cherry tomatoes and Early Girls after years of watching my heirloom tomatoes throw off only a couple sickly looking tomatoes here and there. An early watermelon offered by a
Pacific Northwest seed catalog is doing nicely in my yard.
Here are two of our giant pumpkins. They reside just outside our
front door and are interplanted with zinnias and borage.
This is where research in the form of paying attention to microclimates pays off. Sunny spots along a wall - where sun might bounce off - are great for heat loving veggies. Winter squash with their enormous leaves can help shade another plant. Think three sisters. Cooler pockets might be nice for herbs or berries.
Finally, as common advice goes, I only plant things I like to eat. I hate eggplant. Sorry, but I do. And therefore you won't find any growing here.
ELSEWHERE:
What I've described is just where most of the edibles congregate. I've got a few peppers and raspberries tucked in the pollinator garden. In the backyard, where it's much shader, blueberries, potatoes, cherry tomatoes, strawberries and herbs share space with flowers. Two baby apple trees, a mature orange and a mature lemon tree poke out of the corners. I also have two raised beds for lettuce, onions, carrots, radishes and other root crops.
Pollinator garden on the sidewalk strip.
Other side of the sidewalk strip pollinator garden.
THE REWARDS:
Pick your tomatoes, ogle your melons, nibble your grapes and enjoy the fruits of your labor. I love my front yard garden and all the wonderful things that comes with it: the harvest, the community, the peace, and the beauty.
Our harvest of flame seedless grapes. We got one bunch from
a bareroot plant I stuck in the ground in February.